Station 3 Blackjack Answers
History in a Pecan Shell
One direction where we can take our programming skills is game development. Here, we'll build a text based Blackjack engine that allows us to play against a dealer, who follows conventional house rules. The logic of blackjack is simple, but is sufficiently complex that we can gain valuable experience for making more complicated games later on. As we said, this engine has several. Black jack aka 21, u bet a # of chips then the dealer deals u 2 cards face up and the dealer has 1 card up and 1 down. U need to get as close to 21 as u can. Aces= 11 jacks,queens, and kings= 10. U can hit= to get another card or if u can double down= u double ur bet and get only 1 more card, stand= stay where u are and get no more cards. The dealer stands on 17+ and if u get a higher # Than. STATION 3: BLACKJACK The game of blackjack begins by dealing 2 cards to a player, the first face-down and the second face-up on top of the first. At this station, you’ll play a modified version of the game in which a player only gets these two cards. We’ll say that the player has a “blackjack” if he has a black jack. STATION 7- ADAPTATIONS Answer the questions in complete sentences. Identify at least two structural adaptations that the polar bear has to help them survive the climate. Identify how the fur looking white is an adaptation. Identify the type (be specific) and explain how it helps the bear survive. First, the quiz. The answers will follow. Blackjack is more or less the same from one casino to the next. It's possible to make a living playing blackjack. The third base player can cause other players to lose if he makes a bad play.
One of several Texas communities named Black Jack, this one dates to the 1840s when Texas Revolution veteran Robert Graves Stadler arrived with his extended family. Stadler and kin were originally from South Carolina.
Noting the abundance of Black Jack Oaks, they didn't have to brainstorm for a name for the community. The trees provided cabins for homes and around the time of the Civil War, a log school was built. The town-to-be had to wait until 1875 until The Blackjack (one word) Baptist Church appeared.
Growth eluded the community for want of a store. In 1916 that problem was remedied by partners Tom Upchurch and John Gray. World War I came and went and the town reached its zenith shortly after the armistice. Although Black Jack only had a population of 100, it was enough to support two stores, a gin, church and school.
School consolidation after WWII sent Black Jack's students to nearby Troup and the last store closed in 1961. Nevertheless, the population remained at 75 in the mid-1960s. But the writing was on the wall and people moved away until there were on 47 people left to answer the 1990 census. The same number was used for the 2000 census.
On This Page
Introduction
Three Card Blackjack is an easy-to-play blackjack variant found in many Washington state casinos, especially the smaller ones. It made its Las Vegas debut on January 1, 2010, at the Monte Carlo.
Rules
- A single 52-card deck is used.
- Player makes an Ante wager and an optional Ace Plus side bet.
- Dealer gives the player and himself three cards. One dealer card is dealt face up, the other two face down. Player cards are dealt face down, which the player may look at.
- Hands will be scored according to the best blackjack hand that can be composed using any two, or all three, cards.
- After examining his cards, the player may fold or raise.
- If the player folds, he forfeits his Ante wager, but the Ace Plus wager, if made, will remain in play.
- If the player decides to raise, then he must make a Raise wager equal to his Ante wager.
- The dealer will turn over his two face-down cards.
- The dealer must have at least 17 points to open.
- If the dealer cannot open, and the player has a blackjack, then the player will be paid 1 to 1 on the Ante and the Raise will push.
- If the dealer cannot open, and the player does not have a blackjack, then the Ante and Raise will push.
- If the dealer can open, and the player has a blackjack, then the Ante and Raise shall pay 1 to 1, even if the dealer also has a blackjack.
- If the dealer can open, and the player does not have a blackjack, then the higher hand shall win. If the player has the higher hand, then the Ante and Raise shall pay even money. If the dealer has the higher hand, then the Ante and Raise shall lose. If there is a tie, then the Ante and Raise shall push.
- The Ace Plus side bet pays according only to the player's hand. The possible pay tables are listed towards the bottom of this page.
Ante Odds
The first table shows the probability of each number of points for the player or dealer hand.
Points Distribution
| Points | Combinations | Probability |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | 4 | 0.000181 |
| 7 | 24 | 0.001086 |
| 8 | 48 | 0.002172 |
| 9 | 92 | 0.004163 |
| 10 | 136 | 0.006154 |
| 11 | 200 | 0.009050 |
| 12 | 268 | 0.012127 |
| 13 | 356 | 0.016109 |
| 14 | 536 | 0.024253 |
| 15 | 788 | 0.035656 |
| 16 | 1,156 | 0.052308 |
| 17 | 2,016 | 0.091222 |
| 18 | 2,680 | 0.121267 |
| 19 | 3,336 | 0.150950 |
| 20 | 6,304 | 0.285249 |
| 21 | 1,532 | 0.069321 |
| BJ | 2,624 | 0.118733 |
| Total | 22,100 | 1.000000 |
The next table shows the probability of each possible outcome on the Ante bet. The lower right cell shows a house edge of 3.42%. The player will raise 63.66% of the time, so the average player wager will be 1.6366 units. Thus the element of risk, the ratio of expected player loss to the average wager, is 2.09%.
Ante Return Table
| Event | Pays | Combinations | Probability | Return |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Player wins | 2 | 341,489,680 | 0.279563 | 0.559127 |
| Dealer doesn't open and player has blackjack | 1 | 25,599,648 | 0.020957 | 0.020957 |
| Push | 0 | 257,354,144 | 0.210685 | 0.000000 |
| Player folds | -1 | 443,840,928 | 0.363354 | -0.363354 |
| Dealer wins | -2 | 153,226,800 | 0.125440 | -0.250881 |
| Total | 1,221,511,200 | 1.000000 | -0.034151 |
The next table shows the expected value according to the player's hand and the dealer's up card. The player should fold on an expected value of less than -1. Cells have been conveniently colored red when the odds favor folding, and green for raising.
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Expected Return According to Player Total and Dealer Up CardExpand
| Player | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | A |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | -1.198582 | -1.400709 | -1.570922 | -1.691489 | -1.647163 | -1.750000 | -1.835106 | -1.900709 | -1.964539 | -1.939716 |
| 7 | -1.198582 | -1.393617 | -1.542553 | -1.684397 | -1.640071 | -1.744681 | -1.828014 | -1.893617 | -1.957447 | -1.934397 |
| 8 | -1.195745 | -1.372340 | -1.523303 | -1.677305 | -1.632979 | -1.738475 | -1.820922 | -1.887411 | -1.951241 | -1.930851 |
| 9 | -1.186613 | -1.358447 | -1.512691 | -1.670213 | -1.626349 | -1.732347 | -1.814292 | -1.881129 | -1.947117 | -1.925686 |
| 10 | -1.172716 | -1.346336 | -1.501082 | -1.663475 | -1.624086 | -1.727576 | -1.808824 | -1.877451 | -1.943680 | -1.921464 |
| 11 | -1.160938 | -1.333718 | -1.491671 | -1.657144 | -1.622263 | -1.723569 | -1.805745 | -1.875177 | -1.941064 | -1.918085 |
| 12 | -1.150270 | -1.323772 | -1.482011 | -1.650887 | -1.617612 | -1.720871 | -1.803016 | -1.872658 | -1.938340 | -1.915423 |
| 13 | -1.137891 | -1.311755 | -1.472290 | -1.643099 | -1.613256 | -1.717045 | -1.799437 | -1.868804 | -1.936011 | -1.913337 |
| 14 | -1.127030 | -1.304801 | -1.467954 | -1.637029 | -1.606136 | -1.712907 | -1.796782 | -1.867458 | -1.935575 | -1.914244 |
| 15 | -1.117876 | -1.296842 | -1.458041 | -1.630912 | -1.601026 | -1.708667 | -1.793447 | -1.864429 | -1.933488 | -1.912748 |
| 16 | -1.098594 | -1.274028 | -1.439573 | -1.618587 | -1.595245 | -1.700223 | -1.784653 | -1.857419 | -1.928355 | -1.907273 |
| 17 | -0.902922 | -1.073912 | -1.226339 | -1.268578 | -1.326859 | -1.321114 | -1.611843 | -1.711354 | -1.819351 | -1.816612 |
| 18 | -0.559604 | -0.713710 | -0.732127 | -0.591323 | -0.734567 | -0.644870 | -0.884957 | -1.402702 | -1.546080 | -1.575111 |
| 19 | -0.238346 | -0.251290 | -0.140474 | 0.046776 | -0.080634 | -0.017875 | 0.023597 | -0.468811 | -1.139250 | -1.198903 |
| 20 | 0.264071 | 0.406365 | 0.535628 | 0.719856 | 0.642774 | 0.713253 | 0.782869 | 0.788370 | 0.116521 | -0.657262 |
| 21 | 0.733564 | 0.902661 | 1.055977 | 1.234992 | 1.198258 | 1.297247 | 1.369686 | 1.450641 | 1.204872 | -0.361228 |
| BJ | 1.511082 | 1.601961 | 1.687655 | 1.780186 | 1.771266 | 1.828191 | 1.876197 | 1.917465 | 1.957863 | 1.960106 |
Ace Plus Odds
The next table shows the return for the most common pay table for the Ace Plus side bet, known as 'pay table 2.' An A represents an ace, a T any 10-point card, and x a 2-9 card. The lower right cell shows a house edge of 2.75%, which for a side bet isn't bad.
Ante Return Table for Pay Table 2
| Event | Pays | Combinations | Probability | Return |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AAA | 100 | 4 | 0.000181 | 0.018100 |
| AAT | 25 | 96 | 0.004344 | 0.108597 |
| AAx | 15 | 192 | 0.008688 | 0.130317 |
| ATT | 6 | 480 | 0.021719 | 0.130317 |
| ATx | 3 | 2,048 | 0.092670 | 0.278009 |
| Axx | 1 | 1,984 | 0.089774 | 0.089774 |
| No aces | -1 | 17,296 | 0.782624 | -0.782624 |
| Total | 22,100 | 1.000000 | -0.027511 |
The next table shows all six pay tables available from the game maker and the house edge for each.
Ante Return Table
| Hand | P.T. 1 | P.T. 2 | P.T. 3 | P.T. 4 | P.T. 5 | P.T. 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AAA | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| AAT | 20 | 25 | 30 | 25 | 40 | 25 |
| AAx | 10 | 15 | 12 | 10 | 25 | 10 |
| ATT | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 6 |
| Atx | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| Axx | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| House Edge | 2.46% | 2.75% | 3.19% | 4.92% | 6.08% | 7.10% |
Strategy
As shown in the table above, the player should raise according to his best hand as follows:
- 16 or less: Never
- 17: Dealer 2
- 18: Dealer 2-8
- 19: Dealer 2-9
- 20-BJ: Always
For purposes of comparing one bet to the other, I recommend using the element of risk. For the Ace Plus side bet, the element of risk is the same as the house edge. The element of risk on the Ante bet is 2.09%, which is lower than any pay table on the Ace Plus. So, if you want to lose as little as possible, then I recommend betting the Ante only.
Be warned, if you don't bet something on the Ace Plus, it never fails that the dealer and other players will falsely tell you that the side bets are 'where the money is.' If you don't bet the Ace Plus, and get three aces, I can guarantee you that you'll really get lectured. With this game, and any casino game, follow such advice at your own peril.
Methodology
This analysis was based on a combinatorial program in C++. Thus, the results can be considered exactly correct.
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank gaming mathematician Eliot Jacobson for answering my many questions about the game and confirming and analysis.